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Premix is the complex blend of biologically active, growth promotional and medical substances with the carrier. Premix is produced according to the definite formulas and is used as an additive for compound feed. It includes vitamins, microelements, enzymes, antibiotics and other ingredients.
There are special scientifically developed premix formulas for all animal species. Premix is added into feed at the stage of production process.
Technological researches showed that direct vitamin and microelements addition is less efficient than premix. Premix is effective technological product which optimizes dosing and homogeneous split of micro additives. The result is reached by carrier which fulfils two important tasks: function of carrier and function of filler.
Carrier must keep biologically active substances on its surface that means high adsorb ability. The first advantage of carrier is ability to keep biologically active substances on its surface and keep homogeneity of blend while mixing and transportation avoiding separation which is reached by small size of parts. Second advantage – low moisture that provides good flowability of blend and better keeping of biologically active substances.
Usage of high concentrated biologically active blends with minimum carrier or without it is possible only for structurally alike chemical substances which don’t react with each other. Introduction of some micro additives into concentrated blends can lead to new chemical combinations which have negative effect on its biological activity.
So, vitamin and mineral complexes are high-concentrated blends and it’s impossible to prepare one complex with both of them because of aggressive nature. Water-absorbing choline chloride is not used also for this reason. That’s why farmers have to buy vitamin and mineral complexes separately, the same situation is with choline chloride and other compound feed ingredients which are usually included into premix. Also it is very difficult to spread 200 g of vitamin complex in 1 ton of feed in usual farm conditions. Premixes don’t have such disadvantages.
Carrier dilutes biologically active substances which are also held by carrier parts. Vitamin mix is highly concentrated and if carrier even exists, its quantity is too small compared to vitamins. 10 kg of premix (for 1 t of feed) contain the same vitamins volume as 200 g of complex.
Organic and non-organic materials used as carrier have their own advantages and disadvantages. For example, non-organic carrier as calcium carbonate or limestone meal creates dust and requires drying procedure before usage in premix production. Organic carrier and mix of organic and non-organic materials can split especially during long transportation. Besides, bran and other organic carrier can contain mold and bacteria.
Organic and non-organic materials are both used abroad for premix production. Rice hulls is used in US, dry grape husk and seeds – in Italy, calcium carbonate – in Germany.
Practice shows that optimal rate of use for premixes is 2-10 kg/t of feed (0.2-1%) depending on concentration of biological substances (10%-30% of the whole blend, the rest part – carrier).
It is complicated to reach homogeneity in multi component mix of micro additives with different physical and chemical properties. The main difficulty is to fix strict number of biologically active substances on each carrier part and to get homogeneous blend with good spread of components especially of those which quantity is measured in grams for 1 ton of premix. So the solution is perfect technical decisions and high qualification of staff.
Now many companies announce that they produce premixes. In fact, they produce only vitamin-mineral complex as equipment at most part of such plants doesn’t allow to get the product of high-quality.
We want managers and nutritionists of feed mills and farms to pay much attention to premix producer they are going to choose. To make right decision you need simply to visit production plant and get acquainted with production process.
